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The Arapuni Hydro Dam
The Arapuni Hydro Dam is operated by Mercury and forms an essential part of the Waikato Hydro System, which provides about 10% of Aotearoa New Zealand’s electricity. The Arapuni Hydro Dam and nearby Arapuni Hydro Station began operating in 1929. As the first high dam on the Waikato River, it is recognised for its engineering significance and is a listed historic heritage item. The hydro station’s eight turbines have an installed capacity of 196MW, generating up to 805GWH per year, that’s enough to power about 100,000 average homes with renewable energy. Explore general information about the Arapuni Hydro Station.
The jet grouting trial work site was set up on the left abutment from July-September, at the Arapuni Hydro Dam.
We are assessing options to install a seepage cutoff wall in the left abutment, this is a concrete barrier that prevents seepage. We are working on geotechnical assessments which will help inform the remediation work design and construction.
As part of this process, we’ve begun discussions with our iwi partners, Raukawa, Ngaati Koroki Kahukura and Ngaati Hauaa, as well as the South Waikato District Council, Waikato Regional Council, Waipā District Council and other key stakeholders to better understand the impacts of the remediation work. We will keep the community informed as plans are developed.
The dam has had remediation treatment for leakage, dating back to its construction. Following the first lake fill in 1930, significant seepage of water traveling through the left abutment from the headrace to the dam face was observed. The lake was lowered, and seepage controls were retrofitted.
The Arapuni Hydro Power Station was constructed between 1924 and 1929.
Major remediation work was completed on the dam in the mid-2000s.
This involved remediation work to construct a concrete cut-off wall under the dam, without disrupting power generation or causing environmental damage. This was a pioneering effort in the field of dam engineering.
The project won multiple engineering awards, including the Shell Environmental Excellence Merit Award in 2007 and the New Zealand Engineering Excellence Award in 2008. The work was recognised for its innovative approach to dam remediation while maintaining operations and minimising environmental impact.
The project was led by an alliance group comprising Mighty River Power (now Mercury), Brian Perry Civil and Trevi Group, a specialist in underground engineering. The three have reformed to work together on the remediation of the left abutment at the Arapuni Dam.
The left abutment of the dam is where our current remediation work will be focused.
In 2024, we began investigating options to install a seepage cutoff wall in the left abutment, as a modern equivalent to manage the seepage.
We began early works in 2025, relocating old and installing new subsurface instruments to help us understand what’s happening under the left abutment. We now have more than 100 subsurface sensors providing real-time data. This information will help us respond to any changes in the left abutment as we carry out the remediation work.
This is a soil improvement technique used to strengthen and stabilise the ground. It has been used in several hydro dam remediation projects around the world. During September and October, we studied the results of the trial which helped inform and plan the main works for 2026.
Download our info sheet on jet grouting.
Download the Powerhouse Road detour route map for essential travel (PDF)
Download the alternative route for heavy vehicles (PDF)
For safety, we will close the western end of the swing bridge where it connects to Powerhouse Road.
We are making changes to Powerhouse Road so it is safe for Waikato River Trail users and safe to use as a detour route when the main works start.
Main works
We submitted a business case to our board which was approval in late 2025. We are now finalising the main works timeline and progressing towards the construction phase.
In early March we began upgrades to Powerhouse Road, between Arapuni Road intersection and the lower bridge across the Waikato River, to prepare it for use as a temporary detour route.
We hosted the South Waikato District Council at the dam site and led them on a tour of the Arapuni Hydro Station, to bring them up to speed on the project.
We submitted a business case for the main works programme to the Mercury board.
In February our relief drainage work started to make good progress, on track for completion in March.
In January we began setting up a new work site at the bottom of the dam for our relief drainage work.
December 2024 newsletter April 2025 newsletter July 2025 newsletter December 2025 newsletter April 2026 newsletter
We have been focusing on the enabling works since mid-2024, to verify the methods and technical assessments to install the cutoff wall. We are now preparing the dam for the main works programme which will start by June/July 2026 and operate for 24-36 months.
Yes. The road across the dam will be closed for 24-36 months so we can safely work on the left abutment. We will have a team of contractors and equipment moving around the work site, so keeping everyone safe is paramount. We aim to work during the day and then possibly at night so we can get the job done quickly and reopen the road as soon as we can.
Powerhouse Road was successfully used during earlier works in 2005, but the new project is longer and must meet higher modern safety standards. We are working on upgrades so it can be safely used as a detour route during the multi-year timeframe of the project.
The purpose of the detour is to continue to let local communities connect for work purposes, to attend schools, for people who have farms and need to use small vehicles to travel to properties on either side of the dam.
No. Engineering assessments confirmed that Powerhouse Road cannot safely accommodate High Productivity Motor Vehicles or long heavy units, oversized vehicles, and extended freight trucks over a sustained period. Restrictions are required due to the route’s physical constraints, narrow shoulders, tight geometry, gradients, and a one ‑lane traffic‑light‑controlled section that makes it unsafe for HPMVs and long units.
Cars, light vehicles, motorcycles, school buses, emergency services, rigid trucks up to 8m.
HPMVs and large freight will need to use the State Highway network (SH1/SH21/SH3 via Tamahere) if they wish to travel from east to west and vice versa without going through Arapuni.
No. The detour is not safe for walkers or cyclists to use with vehicle traffic. We’re working with Waikato River Trails to make sure users are aware of the closure.
If more cyclists arrive expecting to cross the dam or use the detour, we’ll step up communications and look at other ways to share this information. In situations where it’s necessary and feasible, we may use our site vehicles to transport bicycles using bike racks. However, this is not intended to become a regular solution, as we are not providing a shuttle service.
No. To keep everyone safe, we will close the western end of the swing bridge where it connects to Powerhouse Road. Pedestrians and cyclists won’t be able to use the walking trails near Powerhouse Road, but the Waikato River Trail will remain open and available for people to use on the village side of the river.
Engineering advice suggests keeping this open is an unacceptable risk to public safety, previously in the mid-2000s we experienced vehicles stopping in the single lane section with the swing bridge was open that caused significant operational and safety impacts to the detour.
Yes. The cafe will continue operating as usual, and any changes to their hours will be made solely at their discretion and communicated through their own channels.
To support visibility throughout the detour period, we have worked with the cafe to create roadside signage clearly signaling that the cafe remains open. These signs will be installed shortly before the detour becomes operational to ensure road users know the cafe is still open.
There will be limited opportunities for parking and to fish from the headrace bridge.
All other locations, such as tailrace bridge and dam, will be restricted during construction with the detour in place, as these areas will be closed for safety. Clear signage will be installed to indicate restricted access, and our on‑site team will be available to provide guidance if needed. Sightseeing around the dam will also be affected, particularly for those who usually walk through the dam area or use the car park. These areas will be cordoned off for construction activity and access changes. We will communicate any restrictions or updates early and clearly so people are aware.
Yes. We know fuel prices are high and that detours add time and cost. This detour has been designed to minimise delays (around 10–12 minutes), and we encourage people to plan ahead using tools like the NZTA Journey Planner and council and NZTA updates to find suitable routes. While fuel prices are outside the project’s control and increased after traffic planning was completed, the detour is essential to deliver this work safely and without significantly extending the project. We will continue to provide timely updates so people can plan their travel and move safely and efficiently.
We plan to hold our fourth event on 11 April 2026 and will plan to meet again with the community later in 2026, once the main works programme begins operating.
While there will be no change to the electricity generation, doing the required works now ensures that future generations can continue to benefit from this integral hydro asset. The power station will continue to operate as normally during the work.
We will continue to engage with stakeholders and local community to let them know what is planned. If you would like to contact the project team, please email: project.arapuni@mercury.co.nz.